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NoSQL

NoSQL is a flat file JSON database management system which is a fork of LaciDb.

Overview

NoSQL is a flat file Database with a JSON storage format. Due to the JSON format, NoSQL is schemaless like any other NoSQLs. A record can have different columns.

In NoSQL there is no table, it is a collection. A collection in NoSQL represents a file that holds multiple records (in JSON format).

In NoSQL, each query will open file => query execution (select|insert|update|delete) => file is closed.

NoSQL is not for:

  • Saving a large database with lots of data.
  • Storing databases that require a high level of security.

NoSQL created for:

  • Handling small data such as settings, queues or other small data.
  • For those of you who want a portable database that is easy to import/export, version control and backup.
  • For those of you who want a database that is easy to edit yourself without using special software.

Instantiate

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use Qubus\NoSql\Collection;

$collection = new Collection(__DIR__.'/users'); // users is a file, so it will look for users.json

// Second parameter of Collection takes an array of options; below are the default options:

$options = [
    'file_extension' => '.json',
    'save_format' => JSON_PRETTY_PRINT,
    'key_prefix' => '',
    'more_entropy' => false,
];

How it Works?

The way NoSQL works is basically just flowing the array of json_decode results into the 'pipes' which functions as filtering, mapping, sorting and limiting until finally the results will be executed to retrieve the value, change its value or discard (read: deleted).

The following is an explanation of the process:

Filtering

To do filtering you can use the where andorWhere methods. Both methods can accept the Closure parameter or some key, operator, value parameter.

Mapping

Mapping is used to form a new value on each filtered record.

Here are some methods for mapping records:

map(Closure $mapper)

For mapping records in the filtered collection.

select(array $columns)

Mapping records to retrieve only certain columns.

withOne(Collection|Query $relation, $key, $otherKey, $operator, $thisKey)

To take a 1:1 relation.

withMany(Collection|Query $relation, $key, $otherKey, $operator, $thisKey)

To take a 1:n relation.

Sorting

Sorting is used to sort data that has been filtered and mapped. To do the sorting you can use the sortBy($key, $ascending) method. The parameter $key can be a string key/column to sort or Closure if you want to sort based on the computed value first.

Limiting/Taking

After the data has been filtered, mapped, and sorted, you can cut and retrieve some of the data using the skip($offset) or take($limit, $offset) method.

Executing

After filtering, mapping, sorting, and setting aside, the next step is to execute the results.

Here are some methods for executing:

get(array $select = [])

Fetching a set of records in collection. If you want to retrieve a specific column define the column in the $select array.

first(array $select = [])

Fetch (one) record in a collection. If you want to retrieve a specific column define the column in the $select array.

count()

Count all elements in the collection based on mapping criteria.

sum($key)

Fetch the total key specified in the collection.

avg($key)

Take the average of certain keys in a collection.

min($key)

Fetches the lowest value of a specific key in a collection.

max($key)

Fetches the highest value of a specific key in a collection.

lists($key, $resultKey = null)

Collect and retrieve specific keys into the array on the collection.

insert(array $data)

Insert new data into the collection.

inserts(array $listData)

Batch insert new data into the collection. Note: insert and inserts cannot be performed after the query is filtered or mapped.

update(array $newData)

Updates the data on records in a filtered and mapped collection.

save()

Similar to update. Except that save will save records based on the mapping results, not based on $newData as in update.

delete()

Clears data in filtered and mapped collections.

truncate()

Erases all data. No need for filtering and mapping beforehand.

Examples

Insert Data

$user = $collection->insert([
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'johndoe@mail.com',
    'password' => password_hash('password', PASSWORD_BCRYPT)
]);

$user will return an array like this:

[
    '_id' => '58745c13ad585',
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'johndoe@mail.com',
    'password' => '$2y$10$eMF03850wE6uII7UeujyjOU5Q2XLWz0QEZ1A9yiKPjbo3sA4qYh1m'
]

'_id' is uniqid()

Find Single Record By ID

$user = $collection->find('58745c13ad585');

Find One

$user = $collection->where('email', 'johndoe@mail.com')->first();

Select All

$data = $collection->all();

Update

$collection->where('email', 'johndoe@mail.com')->update([
    'name' => 'John',
    'sex' => 'male'
]);

Return value is count affected records

Delete

$collection->where('email', 'johndoe@mail.com')->delete();

Return value is count affected records

Multiple Inserts

$bookCollection = new Collection('db/books');

$bookCollection->inserts([
    [
        'title' => 'Foobar',
        'published_at' => '2016-02-23',
        'author' => [
            'name' => 'John Doe',
            'email' => 'johndoe@mail.com'
        ],
        'star' => 3,
        'views' => 100
    ],
    [
        'title' => 'Bazqux',
        'published_at' => '2014-01-10',
        'author' => [
            'name' => 'Jane Doe',
            'email' => 'janedoe@mail.com'
        ],
        'star' => 5,
        'views' => 56
    ],
    [
        'title' => 'Lorem Ipsum',
        'published_at' => '2013-05-12',
        'author' => [
            'name' => 'Jane Doe',
            'email' => 'janedoe@mail.com'
        ],
        'star' => 4,
        'views' => 96
    ],
]);

Find Where

// select * from books.json where author[name] = 'Jane Doe'
$bookCollection->where('author.name', 'Jane Doe')->get();

// select * from books.json where star > 3
$bookCollection->where('star', '>', 3)->get();

// select * from books.json where star > 3 AND author[name] = 'Jane Doe'
$bookCollection->where('star', '>', 3)->where('author.name', 'Jane Doe')->get();

// select * from books.json where star > 3 OR author[name] = 'Jane Doe'
$bookCollection->where('star', '>', 3)->orWhere('author.name', 'Jane Doe')->get();

// select * from books.json where (star > 3 OR author[name] = 'Jane Doe')
$bookCollection->where(function($book) {
    return $book['star'] > 3 OR $book['author.name'] == 'Jane Doe';
})->get();

Operator can be '=', '<', '<=', '>', '>=', 'in', 'not in', 'between', 'match'.

Fetching Specific Columns/Keys

// select author, title from books.json where star > 3
$bookCollection->where('star', '>', 3)->get(['author.name', 'title']);

Alias Column/Key

// select author[name] as author_name, title from books.json where star > 3
$bookCollection->where('star', '>', 3)->get(['author.name:author_name', 'title']);

Mapping

$bookCollection->map(function($row) {
    $row['score'] = $row['star'] + $row['views'];
    return $row;
})
->sortBy('score', 'desc')
->get();

Sorting

// select * from books.json order by star asc
$bookCollection->sortBy('star')->get();

// select * from books.json order by star desc
$bookCollection->sortBy('star', 'desc')->get();

// sorting calculated value
$bookCollection->sortBy(function($row) {
    return $row['star'] + $row['views'];
}, 'desc')->get();

Limit & Offset

// select * from books.json offset 4
$bookCollection->skip(4)->get();

// select * from books.json limit 10 offset 4
$bookCollection->take(10, 4)->get();

Join

$userCollection = new Collection('db/users');
$bookCollection = new Collection('db/books');

// get user with 'books'
$userCollection->withMany($bookCollection, 'books', 'author.email', '=', 'email')->get();

// get books with 'user'
$bookCollection->withOne($userCollection, 'user', 'email', '=', 'author.email')->get();

Map & Save

$bookCollection->where('star', '>', 3)->map(function($row) {
    $row['star'] = $row['star'] += 2;
    return $row;
})->save();

Transaction

$bookCollection->begin();

try {

    // insert, update, delete, etc 
    // will stored into variable (memory)

    $bookCollection->commit(); // until this

} catch(Exception $e) {

    $bookCollection->rollback();

}

// alternative to above

try {

    $bookCollection->transaction(function(Collection $db) {
        // insert, update, delete, etc
    });

} catch(Exception $e) {

    // catch the exception

}

Macro Query

The query macro allows us to add a new method to the Qubus\NoSql\Collection instance so that we can use it repeatedly in a more fluid manner.

For example, we want to retrieve active user data, if in the usual way we can do a query like this:

$users->where('active', 1)->get();

If used repeatedly, sometimes we forget to recognize the active user whose active value is 1, or true, or yes, or YES, or Yes, or y, or Y, etc.?

So to make things easier, we can use the following macros:

$users->macro('active', function ($query) {
    return $query->where('active', 1);
});

So that we can get active users in this way:

$users->active()->get();
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